Healthcare Midwife Study Guide

What to Expect on the Exam

To become a licensed or certified midwife, candidates must successfully pass a national or provincial certification exam, depending on their country. In the United States, this is typically the American Midwifery Certification Board (AMCB) exam for Certified Nurse-Midwives (CNMs). In Canada, candidates must take the Canadian Midwifery Registration Examination (CMRE).

Both exams are rigorous assessments designed to evaluate a midwife’s readiness to practice safely and effectively. They test knowledge across the full scope of midwifery care—covering clinical judgment, evidence-based practice, and professional responsibilities. Passing the exam is a required step before entering practice and ensuring public trust in midwifery as a safe and qualified profession.

Exam Format

While the format may vary slightly between countries, the midwifery certification exams are computer-based and share several key elements:

• Number of Questions:
  The U.S. AMCB exam includes approximately 175 multiple-choice questions, while the Canadian CMRE features a similar number.
• Time Limit:
  Candidates are typically given four hours to complete the exam.
• Question Types:
  All questions are multiple-choice, and may include scenario-based items requiring clinical reasoning, patient management, or diagnosis selection.
• Scoring Method:
  The exams are scaled and scored electronically, with results based on predetermined benchmarks rather than on a curve. Unanswered questions are scored as incorrect.
• Retake Policy:
  Most licensing bodies allow multiple attempts within a given time period (e.g., up to four attempts per year), though waiting periods and additional fees may apply for retakes.

Core Topics Covered

The certification exams are comprehensive and align with national standards of midwifery education and practice. Key content areas include:

• Antepartum Care
  • Risk assessment and screening
  • Fetal growth and development
  • Nutrition, prenatal counseling
• Intrapartum Care
  • Labor assessment and support
  • Pain management strategies
  • Complications and emergency responses
• Postpartum Care
  • Maternal recovery and mental health
  • Lactation support
  • Newborn screening and evaluation
• Newborn Care
  • Neonatal assessment
  • Routine procedures and vaccinations
  • Early bonding and feeding practices
• Well-Woman & Reproductive Health
  • Contraceptive counseling
  • Menstrual health and screening
  • Preventive health strategies
• Professional Issues
  • Ethics and informed consent
  • Culturally competent care
  • Documentation and legal responsibilities

This broad range ensures that certified midwives are prepared to deliver full-scope, evidence-informed care across the reproductive life cycle.

Passing Requirements

Certification exams for midwives use a pass/fail or scaled score system depending on the organization.

• AMCB (U.S.): The minimum passing score is determined by psychometric evaluation. Candidates receive a pass/fail result, along with a performance breakdown by category.
• CMRE (Canada): Candidates must achieve a passing grade based on the standard setting method. Results are reported as pass/fail, with no numeric score provided to protect exam integrity.

Candidates who do not pass are given the opportunity to reattempt the exam within the allotted timeframe set by their certifying body.

Study Tips & Strategies

Preparing for your midwifery certification exam requires structured review, practice, and strategy. Here are five effective approaches:

1. Start Early and Stick to a Schedule
   Give yourself at least 8–12 weeks to prepare. Break down content areas week by week and stick to your plan.
2. Use Official Exam Blueprints
   Review the content outline provided by AMCB or CMRE. Focus your studies based on the relative weight of each category.
3. Practice with Realistic Exam Questions
   Use high-quality, timed practice exams to simulate the real test environment. This builds endurance and familiarity with question format.
4. Join a Study Group or Online Forum
   Discussing complex topics and sharing study strategies can reinforce your understanding and boost motivation.
5. Focus on Weak Areas
   Review practice results regularly and spend more time on topics where you score lower. Active recall and spaced repetition are key to long-term retention.

Use our proven Healthcare Study Guide platform for effective preparation. Access detailed exam insights, question breakdowns, and more.

Common Question Types

Preparing for the midwifery certification exam means becoming familiar with various types of questions designed to test both your foundational knowledge and clinical judgment. Whether you're writing the AMCB exam (U.S.) or the CMRE (Canada), the format generally includes several key question types that challenge your critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Here are the most common types of questions you'll encounter:

• Multiple Choice:
  Standard format with four or five answer choices; only one is correct. These assess both recall and applied knowledge.
• Select All That Apply:
  More than one correct option may be required. These questions assess deeper understanding and nuance, particularly in areas like differential diagnosis and care planning.
• Fill-in-the-Blank:
  Less common but used to test specific factual recall—such as medication dosages, gestational milestones, or lab values.
• Ordered Response:
  You may be asked to rank steps in a procedure or intervention, testing your knowledge of clinical processes and prioritization.
• Image-Based or Case-Based Questions:
  These present scenarios including photographs, lab charts, or brief case histories and require clinical interpretation or diagnosis.

Understanding how each format works and practicing accordingly will greatly increase your confidence and performance on test day.

Example Questions

To help you get a sense of the exam style, here are two sample questions that reflect the types used in real certification exams. These include an answer and a short rationale to support your learning.

Sample Question 1 – Multiple Choice

Question:
A 28-year-old pregnant client at 36 weeks’ gestation reports decreased fetal movement over the past 24 hours. Which action should the midwife take first?
A. Schedule an ultrasound
B. Perform a non-stress test
C. Administer corticosteroids
D. Reassure the client and schedule a follow-up

Correct Answer: B. Perform a non-stress test
Rationale: A non-stress test is the most appropriate first step in evaluating decreased fetal movement at term. It assesses fetal heart rate patterns and can indicate fetal well-being. While an ultrasound may follow, the NST is a more immediate, accessible assessment tool.

Sample Question 2 – Select All That Apply

Question:
Which of the following are signs of preeclampsia? (Select all that apply)
A. Proteinuria
B. Edema of lower extremities
C. Seizures
D. Elevated blood pressure
E. Low platelet count

Correct Answers: A, C, D, E
Rationale: Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension and signs of organ dysfunction, such as proteinuria, seizures (eclampsia), and thrombocytopenia. While edema can occur in pregnancy, it is not diagnostic for preeclampsia on its own.

Practice Strategies

To master the exam and reinforce your knowledge, strategic practice is key. Here are five essential approaches to enhance your study sessions:

1. Use a Variety of Question Types
   Incorporate different formats—especially case-based and "select all"—to train your brain for the real exam’s complexity. Repeated exposure helps reduce anxiety and improves processing speed.
2. Simulate Exam Conditions
   Set aside dedicated time to complete full-length practice tests without interruption. Use a timer to replicate test-day pressure and identify areas where you need pacing improvement.
3. Focus on High-Yield Concepts
   Spend extra time on topics frequently tested, like fetal assessment, stages of labor, hypertensive disorders, postpartum complications, and newborn care. Review these areas regularly.
4. Track Performance Trends
   Use question banks that provide analytics. By identifying categories where your scores are lower, you can adjust your study plan to target weak points more effectively.
5. Review Rationales, Not Just Answers
   Understanding why an answer is correct (or incorrect) is crucial. Carefully read rationales to reinforce key clinical knowledge and avoid repeating mistakes.

The goal is not just to memorize facts but to develop clinical reasoning skills that will help you succeed in both the exam and real-world practice.

Boost your confidence with 250+ exam-style questions from Healthcare Study Guide. Practice anywhere, anytime.

Midwifery is more than a job—it’s a calling. As trusted healthcare providers, midwives play a vital role in supporting individuals through pregnancy, childbirth, and beyond. Their work is dynamic, emotional, and deeply human. Whether they’re working in hospitals, birthing centers, or clients’ homes, midwives have days filled with anticipation, care, and collaboration.

So, what does a typical day actually look like for a practicing midwife?

Typical Responsibilities

Morning Routine

For many midwives, the day begins early. Those working in hospitals may start their shifts at 7:00 AM, checking in with outgoing staff for patient updates and reviewing the status of anyone in labor. In community or birth center settings, the morning may begin with prenatal appointments or postpartum home visits.

Midwives often spend the morning:

• Reviewing client charts and updating care plans
• Monitoring clients in early labor or preparing for scheduled births
• Conducting routine prenatal checkups (measuring fundal height, fetal heart tones, blood pressure, etc.)
• Educating clients about nutrition, exercise, and birth preferences
• Coordinating with nurses, doulas, or obstetricians if necessary

A midwife’s morning can quickly shift from quiet assessments to urgent action, especially if a client progresses unexpectedly in labor.

Midday Activities

By midday, a midwife’s schedule may become more unpredictable. A home birth might be underway, or a hospital client might be moving into active labor.

Midday responsibilities often include:

• Assisting or managing labor and delivery
• Supporting pain relief decisions, whether natural or medical
• Monitoring fetal and maternal well-being
• Providing emotional support and reassurance to clients and their families
• Charting observations and interventions in real-time
• Coordinating referrals or transfer of care if complications arise

Midwives must remain calm, alert, and adaptable. A single birth can take several hours, requiring sustained focus and physical presence.

End-of-Day Wrap-Up

Evening hours vary depending on the setting and whether the midwife is on-call. If there are no urgent deliveries, the day might end with follow-up documentation, debriefing with clients, or returning calls from expectant parents.

End-of-day tasks can include:

• Updating medical records and birth documentation
• Checking in on postpartum clients
• Planning follow-up appointments or home visits
• Responding to client messages or preparing for the next shift

Some midwives work in rotating shifts, while others—especially those in private practice or rural settings—may be on call 24/7 for extended periods.

Tools & Equipment Used

Midwives rely on a variety of tools, both digital and hands-on, to support safe and effective care. Commonly used tools include:

• Fetoscope or Doppler – to monitor fetal heart rate
• Blood pressure cuff – for regular maternal monitoring
• Urine test strips – to assess protein levels, glucose, and hydration
• Birthing stool or tub – used in many natural birth settings
• Sterile gloves and delivery kits – for safe labor and delivery
• Electronic medical record (EMR) systems – to document patient care
• Suturing kits – for perineal repairs after delivery
• Neonatal resuscitation equipment – available in case of emergency

Midwives are trained to use this equipment efficiently and safely, whether in a high-tech hospital or a cozy home birth setting.

Challenges & Rewards

Being a midwife is deeply rewarding, but it also comes with its share of challenges.

Common Challenges Include:

• Long hours and unpredictable schedules, especially during birth attendance
• High emotional stakes—every birth carries risks and deep emotions
• Navigating complex cases or emergency situations requiring quick decisions
• Advocacy in medical systems that may undervalue holistic or low-intervention care

Despite the demands, most midwives describe their work as incredibly meaningful.

The Rewards Include:

• Developing strong, lasting relationships with clients and families
• Witnessing the miracle of birth—often multiple times a week
• Supporting people through vulnerable, life-changing experiences
• Practicing autonomy and evidence-based care
• Contributing to better maternal and newborn health outcomes

Midwives often report high levels of job satisfaction and a strong sense of purpose. Every day brings something new—a baby’s first cry, a mother’s relief, or a family’s joy. No two days are the same, and that’s part of what makes midwifery so special.

Know what to expect before stepping into the field. Use Healthcare Study Guide to prepare with real-world scenarios and mock questions.

A career in midwifery is as dynamic and evolving as the lives midwives help bring into the world. With the right credentials, dedication, and a passion for reproductive health, midwives can pursue various clinical and non-clinical paths that align with their interests and expertise. Whether you're just starting out or planning your next move, understanding the career progression can help you map a fulfilling professional journey.

Career Progression

Entry-Level Roles

Most midwives begin their careers after completing an accredited education program and passing a national or provincial licensing exam. In both Canada and the United States, this credential allows them to work in clinical practice settings, offering full-scope midwifery care.

Entry-level titles and roles may include:

• Registered Midwife (RM) – Used in Canada after passing the CMRE
• Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM) – Common in the U.S. for those with a nursing background
• Certified Midwife (CM) – U.S. credential for non-nursing midwives via AMCB

New midwives often work under the mentorship of senior colleagues, gaining confidence in managing prenatal visits, labor support, deliveries, and postpartum care.

Mid-Level & Specialized Roles

With a few years of experience, midwives can take on more complex clinical cases, become senior practitioners, or expand their responsibilities in settings like teaching hospitals, community clinics, or birth centers.

Mid-level roles can include:

• Senior Clinical Midwife – Often oversees junior staff and leads care teams
• Case Load Midwife – Manages a group of clients independently
• Hospital-Based Midwife – Works closely with interdisciplinary teams in higher-risk settings
• Birth Center Coordinator – Oversees operations and provides care in out-of-hospital environments

Midwives at this stage may also begin training in specialized areas of maternal health, further enhancing their clinical expertise.

Advanced Positions

For those seeking career advancement beyond direct care, several senior or leadership positions are available:

• Clinical Midwifery Educator – Trains students or clinical staff in midwifery practice
• Director of Midwifery Services – Manages departments or programs in hospitals or health organizations
• Advanced Practice Midwife – May involve prescribing privileges, extended scope of practice, or managing high-risk pregnancies (based on jurisdiction)
• Research Midwife – Conducts studies to improve outcomes in maternal-child health and evidence-based care

Advanced positions often require additional education, certifications, or a master’s/doctoral degree in midwifery, nursing, or healthcare leadership.

Specialization Opportunities

Midwives can enhance their career satisfaction and clinical impact by specializing in specific areas of care. These roles allow for more targeted patient populations and often involve further certification or training.

Common specialization paths include:

• High-Risk Obstetrics – Collaborating with OB/GYNs on complicated pregnancies
• Lactation Consulting (IBCLC) – Supporting breastfeeding and postpartum care
• Perinatal Mental Health – Addressing mood disorders and emotional wellness
• Family Planning & Contraceptive Care – Focused on reproductive health counseling
• Home Birth & Natural Birth Expertise – Working in community or home birth environments
• Adolescent & Young Adult Reproductive Health – Special care for youth and vulnerable populations
• Ultrasound & Diagnostic Imaging – Training in prenatal imaging and fetal assessment

These specializations not only improve patient outcomes but also add professional variety and longevity to a midwife’s career.

Leadership & Non-Clinical Options

Not all career growth involves clinical care. Midwives can leverage their expertise in roles that shape policy, influence education, and support broader healthcare systems. These pathways can be ideal for those looking to step back from direct birth work while continuing to make a meaningful impact.

Non-clinical and leadership roles may include:

• Midwifery Instructor or University Faculty – Teaching the next generation of midwives
• Health Policy Advisor – Working with governments or NGOs on maternal-child health policies
• Midwifery Consultant – Advising birth centers, health systems, or international organizations
• Medical/Clinical Writer – Creating textbooks, patient education materials, or public health campaigns
• Healthcare Informatics Specialist – Supporting data systems and electronic medical records for maternal health
• Nonprofit Leadership – Leading advocacy groups or community health organizations focused on reproductive justice

These roles can be pursued part-time alongside clinical work or as a full transition from bedside care.

Explore the full path of your healthcare career. Start with the right study resources from Healthcare Study Guide.

Understanding wage expectations is an important step when considering a career in midwifery. Salaries can vary significantly depending on a number of factors, including location, experience, and type of employer. Below is a breakdown of midwife wage averages in Canada and the United States, along with key elements that may influence earning potential.

2024 National Salary Averages
Here is an overview of the average annual salaries for midwives in two major countries:

• Canada: Approximately CAD $72,935, which converts to about USD $54,700.
• United States: Roughly USD $85,392, equivalent to around CAD $113,800.

These figures provide a general idea, but actual earnings can differ widely depending on where you practice and your individual qualifications.

Regional Salary Ranges – Canada (Hourly Rates)
Midwifery wages in Canada are typically calculated on an hourly basis and may range broadly from province to province:

• Alberta: Between CAD $30.50 and CAD $54.00 per hour.
• British Columbia: Roughly CAD $32.50 to CAD $52.00 per hour.
• Ontario: Around CAD $26.00 to CAD $48.00 per hour.
• Quebec: A range of CAD $25.00 to CAD $49.00 per hour.
• Territories (e.g., Nunavut): The highest wages, between CAD $34.00 and CAD $83.00 per hour.

Territorial salaries are higher to attract healthcare professionals to remote and underserved areas, often accompanied by relocation incentives or housing allowances.

Regional Salary Ranges – United States (Annual Rates)
In the U.S., wages for midwives vary considerably by state, with some regions offering much higher salaries due to demand or cost of living:

• California: Average of USD $137,690 per year (~CAD $183,500).
• Hawaii: Roughly USD $119,710 per year (~CAD $159,500).
• Oregon: Around USD $113,440 per year (~CAD $151,100).
• Texas: Average of USD $90,210 per year (~CAD $120,200).
• Florida: Approximately USD $84,760 per year (~CAD $112,900).

These numbers reflect not just base wages, but often include averages across both public and private healthcare sectors. States like California and Hawaii consistently rank among the top-paying areas for midwives due to higher living costs and strong demand for maternity services.

Key Factors That Influence Midwifery Wages
Several variables play a role in determining how much a midwife can earn. Below are the most common wage-determining factors:

1. Experience Level
   New graduates usually start at the lower end of the wage scale. However, with a few years of practice, salaries typically increase. Midwives with 10+ years of experience may reach the highest wage brackets in their region.
2. Educational Background
   Advanced degrees or additional certifications (e.g., Nurse-Midwife designation in the U.S.) can enhance earning potential. A Master’s degree or Doctorate in midwifery or nursing often leads to leadership roles or teaching opportunities with higher pay.
3. Work Setting
   Midwives working in hospitals or high-volume urban birth centers generally receive higher wages than those in small clinics or private practice. On-call hours, night shifts, and emergency care responsibilities may also contribute to higher compensation.
4. Union Membership
   In regions where midwives are unionized, collective bargaining often secures better wages, benefits, and working conditions. Provinces like British Columbia and Ontario have strong healthcare unions that advocate for fair midwifery pay.
5. Specialization
   Some midwives develop additional expertise in areas like neonatal care, public health, or lactation consulting. These specializations not only open doors to new job roles but can also lead to higher earnings.

Future Trends in Midwifery Pay
The demand for midwives is expected to rise in both Canada and the U.S. due to increasing interest in natural and patient-centered childbirth options. This growing demand could lead to better salaries, more job openings, and expanded scopes of practice in coming years.

Moreover, many governments are investing in maternal and child health, especially in rural or underserved regions, where midwives can play a key role in improving health outcomes. This may result in more competitive pay packages, relocation bonuses, and other financial incentives for qualified midwives.

Earning Potential and Career Growth
Midwifery not only offers a stable income but also provides opportunities for long-term career development. Experienced midwives may transition into roles such as:

• Educators or faculty members in health sciences
• Researchers focusing on maternal health
• Administrators or directors of midwifery-led programs
• Consultants for public health organizations
• Policy advocates shaping maternal and newborn care systems

As your experience and credentials grow, so can your income.

Unlock your full earning potential by becoming a certified midwife. With the right preparation, you can enter the field faster and more confidently. Our expertly designed study tools at Healthcare Study Guide are here to help you succeed.

Midwives rely on a blend of clinical tools, digital technology, and ongoing education to deliver high-quality care across all stages of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum support. Staying current with best practices, expanding your knowledge base, and being part of a professional network are essential for long-term success in the field.

This guide highlights the core tools and resources that support midwives—whether you’re preparing for certification, practicing in the field, or planning your next career step.

Essential Tools

Midwives use a range of medical instruments and digital systems to support care delivery. Whether working in a hospital, birthing center, or client’s home, access to the right tools is vital for ensuring safe, efficient, and personalized care.

Common Clinical Tools Include:

• Fetoscope and Doppler Ultrasound – For fetal heart rate monitoring
• Blood Pressure Monitor – To track maternal vitals throughout pregnancy
• Measuring Tape & Fundal Height Chart – To assess fetal growth
• Urine Dipsticks – For checking protein, glucose, and signs of infection
• Gloves, Sterile Drapes, and Birthing Kits – Essential for maintaining hygiene during delivery
• Infant Resuscitation Equipment – Including neonatal masks and bag-valve masks
• Thermometers & Scales – For monitoring newborn health
• Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Systems – Such as OSCAR, Epic, or Athenahealth for documentation and client management

In remote or home birth settings, midwives may also carry portable equipment like oxygen tanks, IV kits, and medications for postpartum hemorrhage or neonatal care.

Recommended Study Materials

Preparing for midwifery certification exams in either Canada or the U.S. requires focused, evidence-based study tools that mirror real exam conditions. These resources help reinforce clinical knowledge, boost confidence, and improve retention.

Top Study Tools for Midwifery Exams:

• Q&A Books:
  Titles like Midwifery & Women's Health Nurse Practitioner Certification Review Guide or Varney’s Midwifery Q&A Review are frequently recommended for U.S.-based CNMs and Canadian RMs preparing for the CMRE.
• Flashcards:
  Digital or print flashcards covering anatomy, pharmacology, obstetric emergencies, and prenatal screening help reinforce key terms and definitions.
• Online Courses:
  Platforms like NursingCE, MidwiferyEducation.org, and Healthcare Study Guide offer structured modules, quizzes, and video content aligned with exam blueprints.
• Mobile Apps:
  Use tools like Quizlet, BoardVitals, or UptoDate to practice on the go, stay updated on guidelines, and receive instant feedback on practice questions.

Continuing Education Options

Maintaining certification and staying updated on emerging trends is essential for practicing midwives. Continuing education (CE) ensures you're meeting provincial, state, or national requirements while advancing your knowledge and skills.

Where to Find Quality CE Programs:

• Online Platforms:
  • MidwiferyCE.org (North America-wide)
  • Health eLearning (Global CEUs for lactation and midwifery topics)
  • Nurse.com (For CNMs in the U.S.)
  • Perinatal Services BC or Canadian Midwifery Regulators Council (CMRC)
• Webinars & Conferences:
  Midwives can attend virtual or in-person events on topics like trauma-informed care, obstetric emergencies, and newborn resuscitation.
  Examples include ACNM Annual Meeting (U.S.) and CAM Conference (Canada).
• Employer-Sponsored Training:
  Many hospitals and health systems offer on-the-job CEU credits through in-services, mentorships, or access to institutional learning platforms.

Most regions require a set number of CE hours per year or over a multi-year cycle. Keeping track of completed credits is essential for license renewal.

Professional Associations

Joining a professional organization connects midwives to a broader network of support, advocacy, and education. Membership often includes access to journals, discounted conference registration, policy updates, and peer collaboration.

Top Organizations to Consider:

1. Canadian Association of Midwives (CAM)
   Represents midwives across Canada, promotes national standards, and offers networking and advocacy opportunities.
   Website: canadianmidwives.org
2. American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM)
   The leading organization for CNMs and CMs in the U.S. Offers certification resources, continuing education, and policy updates.
   Website: midwife.org
3. Midwives Alliance of North America (MANA)
   A diverse, inclusive organization focused on community-based midwifery in North America. Offers research tools and professional development.
   Website: mana.org
4. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC)
   While not exclusively midwifery-focused, SOGC provides clinical practice guidelines and educational opportunities relevant to collaborative maternity care.
5. National Association of Certified Professional Midwives (NACPM)
   Focused on advancing Certified Professional Midwives (CPMs) in the U.S., with resources on equity and practice development.
   Website: nacpm.org

Joining one or more of these organizations is a great way to stay informed, inspired, and involved in shaping the future of maternal health.

Access tools, test prep, and continuing education all in one place at Healthcare Study Guide.

Becoming a midwife requires a blend of academic education, clinical training, and compassionate commitment to maternal and newborn health. Whether you're just starting out or transitioning from another healthcare role, there are several educational paths that can lead to a fulfilling midwifery career. From diploma programs to doctoral degrees, each level opens up new opportunities for growth and specialization.

This guide outlines the various academic pathways available in Canada and the United States, including online learning, bridge programs, and financial support options.

Entry-Level Education Paths

Canada

In Canada, entry-level midwifery education is offered as a four-year undergraduate program resulting in a Bachelor of Midwifery (B.Mid.). These programs are available at select accredited universities and combine classroom instruction with clinical placements.

Leading Canadian Programs:

• University of British Columbia – Bachelor of Midwifery
• McMaster University – Midwifery Education Program
• Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson) – B.HSc in Midwifery
• Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières – Programme de premier cycle en pratique sage-femme (in French)

These programs are direct-entry, meaning no nursing license is required to apply.

United States

In the U.S., becoming a Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM) typically begins with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). Some students may pursue an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) before entering bridge programs.

Typical Entry Path:

1. Earn a BSN or ADN
2. Gain licensure as a Registered Nurse (RN)
3. Apply to an accredited nurse-midwifery graduate program

Advanced Degrees

For midwives seeking leadership, academic, or clinical specialization roles, advanced degrees provide essential training and open new doors.

Canada

Some universities offer graduate-level degrees in health leadership or maternal-child health. While a Master’s is not currently required for practice, it may be necessary for teaching, policy development, or research roles.

Examples:

• Master of Public Health (MPH) with a focus on maternal care
• Master of Health Administration (MHA)
• Graduate diplomas in sexual and reproductive health

United States

In the U.S., to become a Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM), students must complete a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) from an accredited midwifery program. These programs are accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Midwifery Education (ACME).

Top U.S. Graduate Programs Include:

• Frontier Nursing University (KY) – MSN & DNP Midwifery tracks
• Yale University – MSN Nurse-Midwifery
• University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) – MEPN to MSN in Midwifery
• Georgetown University – Online hybrid CNM program

Bridge Programs

Bridge programs offer a pathway for licensed healthcare professionals to transition into midwifery roles more efficiently.

Common Bridge Options:

• RN-to-BSN – For nurses with an ADN who want to pursue a bachelor’s
• BSN-to-MSN (Midwifery) – For RNs who wish to become CNMs
• LPN-to-RN – For practical nurses upgrading their credentials
• Second-Degree Midwifery Entry – For individuals with a non-nursing bachelor's degree (U.S. only)

In Canada, midwifery is a direct-entry profession, and bridge programs for nurses transitioning into midwifery are limited. However, internationally educated midwives can pursue bridging programs such as the International Midwifery Pre-registration Program (IMPP).

Online & Hybrid Options

To accommodate working professionals or those in remote areas, many institutions offer online or hybrid midwifery education. These programs combine online theory with in-person clinical placements.

Top Online Options:

• Frontier Nursing University (U.S.) – Fully online MSN and DNP programs
• Georgetown University (U.S.) – Online CNM track with local clinical rotations
• University of British Columbia (Canada) – Limited online courses with in-province placements
• Healthcare Study Guide Platform – Offers flexible online prep for certification exams

Online programs are ideal for students balancing work, family, or rural living with their educational goals.

Financial Aid & Scholarships

The cost of midwifery education varies, but there are many ways to reduce the financial burden.

Canada:

• StudentAid BC, OSAP, Alberta Student Aid – Provincial student loan programs
• Scholarships from CAM or university-specific bursaries
• Union support – Some public healthcare unions offer education stipends
• Indigenous Midwifery Funding – Targeted support for Indigenous learners

United States:

• FAFSA – Federal student aid eligibility for all accredited midwifery programs
• HRSA Nurse Corps Scholarship – Covers tuition in exchange for service
• ACNM Foundation Scholarships – For underrepresented and returning students
• Employer Tuition Reimbursement – Hospitals may offer support for graduate studies

Applying early and combining multiple forms of aid is key to managing tuition and living costs during your program.

Find the best education path and prep with our Healthcare Study Guide platform—all from one trusted source.

Midwives, like many healthcare professionals, benefit from the protection and advocacy provided by unions, as well as access to a wide range of employment opportunities. Whether you're just starting your career or are an experienced midwife, understanding how unions can support you and knowing where to find the best employers is key to ensuring job satisfaction, career growth, and workplace security.

Why Unions Matter

Unions are critical to protecting the rights of healthcare workers, ensuring fair wages, workplace safety, and job security. For midwives, joining a union can provide the following advantages:

• Higher Wages: Unionized midwives often earn more compared to non-unionized counterparts. Negotiated collective agreements ensure that salaries are competitive and equitable across healthcare institutions.
• Better Job Security: Union membership typically comes with greater job protection. Unions advocate for workers during layoffs, restructures, and disputes, ensuring fair treatment.
• Safer Staffing Ratios: Unions often push for better staffing ratios, which is crucial in maternity care where optimal patient-to-midwife ratios directly affect the quality of care provided.

Top Unions

Unions provide midwives with both collective bargaining power and essential professional support. Below are some of the top unions for midwives in Canada and the United States:

Canada:

1. Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions (CFNU)
   The CFNU represents nurses and midwives across Canada, advocating for better pay, working conditions, and job security. This union supports health workers in negotiating collective agreements that promote workplace health and safety.
2. Ontario Nurses’ Association (ONA)
   In Ontario, ONA represents over 60,000 healthcare professionals, including midwives, ensuring fair wages and safe working conditions. They play an integral role in advocating for professional standards and patient care in the province.
3. British Columbia Nurses’ Union (BCNU)
   BCNU represents a variety of healthcare workers, including midwives. They offer legal support, continuing education opportunities, and a strong voice for workers in BC's healthcare system.

United States:

1. National Nurses United (NNU)
   NNU is the largest union for nurses in the U.S. and advocates for midwives, especially those working in hospital settings. Their collective bargaining agreements often include higher pay, better benefits, and improved working conditions.
2. Service Employees International Union (SEIU)
   SEIU represents a wide range of healthcare workers, including midwives, and focuses on securing better wages, healthcare benefits, and job security. SEIU is known for its grassroots advocacy efforts for safe staffing levels and fair treatment.
3. California Nurses Association (CNA)
   CNA is part of NNU and represents midwives in California, advocating for progressive policies, improved patient care, and enhanced benefits. Their bargaining agreements have led to better conditions and higher salaries for midwives.

Top Employers

Midwives work in diverse environments, from hospital settings to home births. The employment opportunities are vast, with different settings offering varying benefits, challenges, and flexibility.

Leading Employers:

1. Hospitals & Clinics
   Many midwives work in hospitals or outpatient clinics, often as part of a maternity care team. Large hospitals and academic medical centers are typically the largest employers of midwives, offering opportunities for advancement and specialized care roles.
2. Remote & Telehealth Employers
   In recent years, remote care, including telehealth services, has grown in popularity. Telehealth midwifery services are becoming more common, allowing midwives to provide consultations, prenatal care, and postnatal advice through virtual platforms.
3. Travel Nursing & Contract Agencies
   Midwifery professionals who want flexibility and the chance to travel can find work through contract or travel agencies. These agencies hire midwives to work short-term assignments, often in underserved areas, and provide higher pay and additional benefits in exchange for flexibility.

Job Boards & Hiring Resources

Finding the right job as a midwife requires knowing where to look. Job boards and specialized resources can help you find opportunities that match your skills, location preferences, and career goals.

Top Job Boards & Hiring Resources:

1. Hospital Websites:
   Many hospitals post midwifery job openings directly on their websites. Hospital systems like the Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, and Kaiser Permanente regularly list midwifery roles.
2. Government Health Boards:
   In Canada, provincial health authorities (e.g., Health Canada, British Columbia Health Authority) offer job postings for midwives. Similarly, U.S. state health boards list midwifery positions available across different regions.
3. Indeed & LinkedIn:
   Both Indeed and LinkedIn are excellent platforms for finding full-time, part-time, or contract midwifery roles. They allow midwives to filter job opportunities by location, type of employment, and experience level.
4. Midwifery-Specific Job Boards:
   Websites like MidwiferyJobs.com and ACNM Career Center focus exclusively on midwifery roles, helping professionals find job listings from hospitals, private practices, and midwifery associations.

Use our Healthcare Study Guide to stand out in applications and interviews. Master the material, boost your resume, and get hired faster.

The healthcare industry is evolving quickly, and midwifery is advancing alongside it. From the rise of innovative technologies to the growing emphasis on mental health and preventative care, midwives must continuously adapt. Whether you're newly graduated or an experienced practitioner, staying informed about emerging trends, pursuing relevant certifications, and engaging in professional development is essential to future-proof your career.

Emerging Trends

Midwives are integral to modern healthcare’s transformation. Understanding key trends ensures midwives remain effective, informed, and impactful.

AI & Healthcare Tech
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping healthcare delivery. In midwifery, AI tools help predict complications, enhance clinical decision-making, and support diagnostics. Examples include electronic fetal monitoring, predictive analytics for pregnancy risks, and automated charting. These tools streamline tasks, allowing midwives to focus more on patient interaction.

Midwives can also use digital platforms to enhance patient education, deliver telehealth services, and develop personalized care plans. As these technologies evolve, staying up-to-date becomes crucial for high-quality care delivery.

Telehealth
Telehealth has become a cornerstone of accessible care, especially in rural or underserved areas. Midwives now provide virtual prenatal visits, postpartum follow-ups, and newborn care education. Platforms also support virtual prenatal classes and health tracking, improving flexibility for both clients and providers.

To maximize telehealth’s potential, midwives must understand platform technologies and comply with virtual care regulations, ensuring safe and effective services.

Mental Health & Preventative Care
Mental and emotional well-being is now recognized as a critical component of maternal health. Midwives are increasingly screening for conditions like postpartum depression and anxiety, offering support or referrals when needed.

Additionally, preventative care is gaining traction. Midwives educate families about nutrition, wellness, and healthy habits throughout pregnancy and early parenthood. By embracing this holistic approach, midwives enhance both short- and long-term outcomes for mothers and infants.

In-Demand Certifications

Ongoing education and specialized training give midwives a professional edge. Here are key certifications shaping the field:

1. Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM)
   The CNM credential is essential for registered nurses pursuing midwifery. Recognized across North America, CNMs can practice in hospitals, clinics, and private settings.
2. Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP)
   NRP certification prepares midwives to manage newborn emergencies and perform critical interventions, enhancing neonatal safety.
3. Intrauterine Contraception Certification
   This certification expands a midwife’s scope in family planning and postpartum contraceptive services, offering more comprehensive reproductive care.
4. Lactation Consultant Certification (IBCLC)
   The IBCLC credential enables midwives to assist mothers facing breastfeeding challenges, supporting infant nutrition and maternal confidence.
5. Advanced Midwifery Skills Certification
   With training in areas like suturing, emergency obstetrics, and neonatal care, this certification equips midwives for advanced, hands-on roles.

Professional Development

To remain competitive and confident, midwives must invest in lifelong learning and connection within the profession.

Conferences
Midwifery conferences showcase the latest research, innovations, and best practices. They’re also vital for networking and community-building. Notable events include the ACNM Annual Meeting & Exhibition and the Canadian Association of Midwives (CAM) Conference.

Associations
Joining associations like ACNM or CAM grants access to educational resources, peer support, advocacy efforts, and career advancement tools. These organizations also represent midwives at policy levels, shaping the future of the profession.

Mentorship Programs
Mentorship fosters mutual learning and professional growth. Whether as a mentor or mentee, midwives benefit from shared experiences, practical guidance, and career encouragement. These relationships strengthen the profession and provide vital support at every career stage.

Workplace Challenges & Opportunities

While midwifery is deeply rewarding, it comes with real-world challenges that also offer growth opportunities.

Burnout
High emotional demands and long hours can lead to burnout. To combat it, midwives must prioritize self-care, maintain boundaries, and seek peer or mentor support when needed.

Shortage of Midwives
Both the U.S. and Canada face a growing need for qualified midwives, especially in underserved regions. This shortage opens doors for new practitioners and creates chances to make a real impact in high-need communities.

Specialization Demand
As healthcare becomes more complex, there’s increasing demand for specialized midwifery services—like high-risk pregnancy care, fertility counseling, and neonatal support. Those with advanced skills and credentials are well-positioned for leadership roles.

Stay ahead of industry shifts. Use Healthcare Study Guide to future-proof your skills